Land plowing, pulverizing, and cultivating machine.



. J. Q. A. NBWSOM. LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, AND ()ULTIVATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION Plug APR. 25, 1904.

. Patented Jan. 3,1911.

l1 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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\ .I-NVENTOR I J. Q. A. NEWSOM. LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, AND GULTIVATING MACHINE.

I 11 SHEETSSHEET 2.

APPLICATION FILED APB.25, 1904. 980,881 Patented Jan. 3, 1911.

L Q. A. NEWSOM. LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, AND OULTI VATING MACHINE.

11 8HEETS-SHEE ,mmnmluun 1lullllllllllllllll\\\\\\ I Patented Jan. 3, 191] INVENTOR J. Q. A. NEWSOM. LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, AND OULTIVATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.25,1904.

J. Q. A. NEWSOM. LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, AND GULTIVATING MAGHINE.

APPLICATION FILED Ar'n. 25,1904.

- Patented Jan. 3, 1911.

11 SHEETS-mp3? 5.

ATTEST J. A. NEWSOM.

LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, AND OULTIVATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 1ao4.

980,881. Patented Jan.3,1911.

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ATE ST INVENTOR J. Q. A. NEWSOM. LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, AND OULTIVATING MACHINE.

' APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 19041 Patented Jan. 3, 1911.

11 S HEETSSHEET 7.

I. E-nlllilllll :5 ll I J. Q. A, NEWSOM.

LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, AND GULTIVATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 1904.

Patented J an. 3, 1911.

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@Jf 'r J..Q. A. NEWSOM. LAND PLOWIN G, PULVEBIZING, 411D GULTIVATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 1904. 980,88 1 a Patented J an. 3., 1911.

11 sums-slum a.

A'T'TE ST INVENTOR J. Q. A. NEWSOM. LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, ANDOULTIVATING MACHINE;

APPLICATION FILED APB-.55, 1904.

' Patented Jan. 3,.1911.

I 11 sHBBTHmnET 1o.

l NLwnl If K INVENTOR J. Q. A. NEWSOM. LAND PLOWING, PULVERIZING, AND GULTIVATING MACHINE.

7 APPLICATION FILED APRFZ5, 1904. 8 7 I 980,881. Patented Jan. 3, 1911."

8 11 SHEETBQ-SHEBT 11.

WlT/VESSES: Q INVENTOR Arman Er UNITED STATES PATENT oFFroE.

JOI-IN QUINCY ADAMS NEWSOM, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO THE -NEWSOM- ARCHIMEDEAN ILQWING MACHINE COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

- LAND rtowme, runvnnrzme, Ann GULTIVATING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan. 3, 1911 Application filed April 2 5, 1904} Serial No. 204,902.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN Q. A. Nnwsoir, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, Missouri,- pray that Letters Patent be granted to me forlmprovements in Land Plowing, Pulverizing, and Cultivating Machines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a specification, taken in connection with the drawings furnished herewith,

and forming true and complete description of my invention, such .as will enable others skilled in'the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in revolving, landplowing machines in which are employed spiral concavo-convex cutters arranged around a supporting shaft, and more particularly to that class of machines devised by me to be hereinafter noted, in which-I embody in mypresent machine an improved form of slightly concavoconvex spiral cutters, which will be hereinafter more exactly designated" and described as integral spirally-constricted mold-board shares and sp1- ral or helicoidal cutter.

The attempts heretofore made to construct a revolving plow by employing a series of concavo-convex spiral cuttingblades have proved unsatisfactory and inoperative be- "cause of this fact The blades or cutters were formed with too great a diameter, an improper pitclr and an improper angle of axial inclination to .the shaft, and also with too great a concavo-convexity to perform properly the penetrating share-cutting and the soil-turning functions of a plow.

The primary object of my present invention is, succinctly stated, to provide a landplowing machine which will avoid the above defectsjand of light draft and a proportionate increase in efficiency and rapid execution of its work: 7

The principal mechanical feature of the invention consists in the peculiar helicallyconstricted form of themold-board shares,

or the helicoidal cutter, which are the ground or soil working elements of the machine. The shares or the cutter may be secured on a shaft in any :prefe'rred manner, so they form a 'continuousspiral cutter and are. adapted to plow the ground on lines diagonal or oblique to thedraft line and .guished from the meresoil and restrict themselves to said line. But I prefer the continuously formed h'elicoidal cutter rotatively journaled in an appropriate frame work for cuttingand turning the soil at a uniform depth, corresponding to the. width of strip cut by the entire series of said shares or cutters. They thus lay the soil furrow slices obliquely across .the strip and to the draft line. The axis of said shares or cutters, soformed, will bemounted norrn'ally to the draft line and horizontally adjustable-thereto at various oblique angles and will have its horizontal plane of axial rotation as close to the surfaceof the ground as possible,-in order to enable the cutters to be self-compensating in their soil-and-ea-rthcutting screw action against side draft or lateral thrust; This thrust is" a characteristic and objectionable feature of all former revolving plowshaving a ngularly or spirallymounted plow-shares, especially those plows of the rotary (115k character. This self-compensatingaction had not been successfully attained in any former land-plow-' ing machine using such angularly mounted shares, so far as I know, without using exterior compensating devices to counteract such thrust, until I discovered the form,- pitch, and the required angle of axial inclination to a shaft to which the shares or the cutters should be spirally constricted that would plow the ground and accomplish this desirable result, by mounting a series of integral spirally formed or constricted moldboard shares or cutters in an appropriate framework and tested the invention.

The invention isa' rotary, land-plowing, pnlverizing and cultivating machine of exceedingly light draft in proportion to the amount of worlgperformed in. a given length -of time. It is also welk adapted to the general purposes of land cultivation as distinsod overturning process by executing a two-fold Pure pose or function: first, in breaking up the soilfand then, with the same implement, when required, cultivating the same. For example, where land has laid fallow and in the meantime heavy rains, have caused the ground or soil to run together, becoming baked and hardened,--thereby requiring a secondary working or cultivation to reduce it 'to a line tilth before seeding; or where a vided with a shifting means, including a mounted normally to the draft linc.

foul growth of noxious weeds infest such land, a cultivating machine of this character will be of important service to the farmer for rapidly looscning'up the soil and exterminating said weeds.

Owing to the peculiar axially-inclined helicoidal form of the mold-hoard shares, my plowing machine is especially adapted to work in dry, hard wheat-stubble ground,

where l have demonstrated the actual penctrating power of the helicoidal cutters, and where itwas'impossihle to use the common plow. l have also shown a saving in the drawing of my machine of more than onehalf of expended power required in drawing the connnon plow, and a proportionate increase in elliciency over the common methods of plowing prevalent in many sections of the Nest.

Additional advantages of the machine are compactness of construction and inexpensiveness of manufacture.

To these ends, and to carry into practical operation the primary principles outlined above, the invention further consists of a horizontally disposed plowbeain, or frame, The beam has its appropriate framework and a revolving plowshaft carried substantially parallel with said frame andololiquely adjustable to the draft-line at any desired angle for all kinds of work. The shaft preferably has an axially inclined helical groove cut on, or otherwise formed around said shaft of any desired length for the plow and adapted. to have such shares or cutters screwed thereon, forming a continuous spiral line series of integral mold-board shares, which will have the required pitch and'angle of axial inclination to the shaft, to plow the ground and restrict the plowing machine to the draft line. They arealso preferably removably secured to said shaft, the shaft being journaled on an axle substantially parallel with the beam or frame, and prohan'd wheel, for swinging, said frame from the normal to oblique positions to the draft line and adjusting the same thereto, so as to change the angle'at whlch said shares enter the ground with reference to the draft line.

'The means for adjusting and locking the plow-frame in position are effected by the shifting means or mechanism operated by the driver while the shares or spiral cutters are working in the ground.

Another object of my invention is to provide a pair of separately mounted ruddercarrying wheels. adjustable on vertically disposed pivotal shafts, provided with mechanism whereby the operator of the plowing machine can simultaneously pivotally adjust horizontally both of said wheels on said shafts from their normal lines of travel parallel to the draft line to parallel lines with each other oblique to the right or left of said line. Still another purpose is to provide mechanism whereby said operator can vertically adjust either one of said wheels independently of the other, or both of I the rudder-carrying wheels simultaneously with each other, and, with'the aforesaid horizontal adjustment of both of said wheels respectively; and still further to I provide said ruddei=carrying wheels with means whereupon shifting the axial line of the spiral cutters, said wheels are automatically made to swing horizontally to parallel lines of travel corresponding to the draft line, and with means for vertically inclining the riulder-carrying wheels. 4 j

A still. further object of my invention is to nmld-board share. or axially incnned spiral cutter for attaching. to a revolving plowshaft formed on constricted helical lines, slightly concavo-convex on its radial lines,

stress of the metal inspirallyconstricting said share to the required pitch and angle of axial inclination to the shaftand its pcto a sharp edge, adapted, when joined together in spiral line series, to restrict then1- selves to the draft line.

A still further object of my invention is to provide an integral spirally-constricted axially-inclined share for a plow-shaft hav a V-shaped beveled sectional end, respec tively adapted to fit each other in series. And still further to provide an integral spirally -honstricted. share or cutter having one of its sectional ends cutaway on a circle struck eccentrically from its circumference down to said shaft and the cut away section beveled on the convex side to a sharp edge. And further to provide a continuous axiallyinclined helicoidal-cutter rotatively journaled in an appropriate frame work adapted in its soil-and-ground-cutting screw action to restrict the machine to the draft line.

The invention is also designed to provide an endless chain having friction wheels adapted to travel in flanged guideways in an appropriate carrier-frame, and a plurality of link-supported brackets, said brackets carrying a system of friction wheels and traveling auxiliary moldboard deflectors hering soil and cooperate with the helicoidal cutters in overturning the soil-leveling, pulverizing. and reducing the same to a fine tilth. operated by the screw action of said shares or cutters; it is also intended to provide mechanism for adjusting said carrier-frame and its system of friction wheels and deflectors radially to the axis of said shares. and vertically to and from the surface of the substantially conforming to the natural ripheral section beveled on its convex side,

-ing a V-shaped grooved sectional end, and

having sharp edges designed to pare otf ad- The chain is automatically moved or provide an integral, spirally-constricted lit Ill

eso,ss1

plowed-ground for leveling down andpulverizing the same.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a disk-plow designed to cut a straight furrow in'the line of draft Inter secting the oblique furrows made by the combined series of shares, and also a moldboard deflector adjustable on the concave face of said disk-plow, and a mechanism for vertically and radially adjusting said plow to the axis of the mold-board shares, and to --and from the ground.

Yetanother object of the invention is to provide a weed-roller adapted to roll down weeds, stubble, etc.,in front of the shares or the cutters in condition to be turned under the furrow slices; and further,.to provide said weed-roller with an adjusting mechanism for varying the height vertically, for gaging the depth of penetration .ofsaid shares in the ground, and also for li'fting them out of the ground and thence transporting'said plowing machine on the roller.

, And,- finally, toprovide a plowing machine embodying a novel mechanism which willaccomplish the foregoing described results,

and which is simple, compact in its construction, readily handled and operated, easily understood, and economically manufactured.

My present invention appertains especially to the type of revolving plowing machines heretofore devised by me, some of the features of which have been disclosed in Letters Patent granted me No. 349,807, dated September 28, 1886', and others in Letters Patent, No. 396,170, dated January 15, 1889. I trust it will be pertinent,'in this connection, to state that at the time I made application for said patents numbered and dated as above, I had not so completely demf onstrated the actual correctness of my first or original conceptions, by' mali mg practical tests with my machine in differing soils and.

conditions of soils. I have now, however, demonstrated that my original conceptions were, in the main, correct, but the means or devices I thenadapted, tocarry those con-,

ceptions into practical operation, were, in some respects, crude and imperfect. I have also demonstrated that, to give average satisfactory service in all kinds and conditions of soils and for general work, the form herein disclosed is preferable; yet other forms of.

mold-board shares or cutters can be made, or otherwise changed or modified to work soils of a special character, without departing from myobvious intent or the spirit of the invention. tion for said shares totheplow shaft is from forty-five to sixty degrees, and the range of oblique adjustment for said shaft from its normal position to the draft line is ordinarily about thirty (30) degrees to thirty-five (35) degrees, when organized and constructed according to my present inting screw action.

The mean angle of axial inclinavention I-will state, however, that I have obtained my best results with what I have hereinbefore designated as, spirally-constricted mold-boardshares', or helicoidalcub ter, because, as I have designed and constructed them, the forward sharp cutting edges of said series of sharesor the cutters,

on entering the ground, out into and under the soil furrow slices,performing substantially the share-cutting functions of the common plow, and then by rearward and up ward r Volution, the same share, in upturning a'nc discharging the displaced soil therefrom, performs substantially the same functions as the fixed mold-board share of the common plow,hence the name spirallyconstricted mold-board shares' My mold-board shares have about the same form spirally as the mold-board of the best common plows and act on the soil in a very similar manner, notwithstanding they are revolving mold-board shares, lifting and u-pturning the soil along oblique'lines across the course of the machine by lever power, but comparativelyfree from friction of the common plo'w'whichexists at everypoint and side thereof. Nevertheless, such common plows are regarded as the standard of excellence in comparison with all plows of the rotary type. I-believe it is also apparent in the evolution of the rotary plow that its efficiency and plowing merit have been developed in,proportion as its working features have approached the characteristic form' ofthe best common plows, and these particular features of the common plows I have mechanically assimilated into the revolving mold-board shares or cutters of my plowing machine. I desire to state further, while on this subject, in order that the objects and the primary principles involved in the construction and, operation of my machine shall be thoroughly understood, and. its operation. in every detail, made as clear same instant, they are cutting, slidin-g androlling on their beveledperipheral sections and convex margins obliquely forward into and through the ground in a right line di rection of the power or line of draft, there by maintaining sharp edges on said shares by the. gradual wearing down of said-beveled sections and margins thereof .in such a manner as to seldom require further attentin lion than an occasional sharpening with the lite until they are worn out; they can then be reueived'by new mold board shares or a helicoidal cutter. similar, but l s wearing. whetting and siliar niuing })1'(i-C't:--. takes place on the rear discharge of the soil on the concave margins of said shares. This rtnnolviug'. sliding screw action on the beveled peripheral sections and convex margins of the series of shares constitutes the land side in my plow, performing? by said screw action substantially the same function in resisting lateral thrust or side draft as by the land side of the common plow. and is what prevents lateral thrust or side draft in urv plowing nuichiues when they are constructed and operated according to my present invention. 1 will state further, that I have tried cutters of various degree oi concave-convex cross section. and beveled on th edge of the convex la e. Such may hai e a. degree of-nierit in ver loose. sandy soils, but I prefer cutters of the proximate form of those described in this application, for general use.

If the revolvin gplow shaft or the moldhoard shares thereof are adjusted to work in the ground on obliqu angles to the draft line. at from twenty five to thirty degrees, or thereabout. and shonldmanifest a tendency to side draft, or the tongue of the with the draft line.

said machine should swing to the right or left. as the shares or said cutters may he so axially inclined to turn the soil. by reason of suclrhard gijrnund or other cause whatever,-in'such cases I prefer hitching one or more of the draft animals in the lead or end of the tongue. I thereby increase the leverage over the increased resistance. of?

said ground acting on the concave soil-dis placing faces of said shares. This resistance is overcome through the tongue as a tension leverage acting on the beveled peripheral sections and convex margins of each of said series of shares or cutters as the fulcrum points thereof. The draft animals hold said machine in substantial working alinenient I makeprovision in said large machines. for example, from four or five feet up, for disengaging the ruddercarrying wheels from the plow frame by removing a couple of bolts and thereafter using the weed-roller of said large machines for gaging the penetration of. said shares in thc ground; and also for lifting said shares out of the ground, and thence transporting the machine from place to place on said weed-roller. 7

x The height or diameter "of the spirallyconstricted mold-board shares and the pitch to be given them depend -largely on'the kind of work, character of soil and local conditions prevailing, where the plows are to be used. If, however, the shares be 18, 20 and 24 inches in height and for a pro- 1 dc. re to state further that my present invention susceptible of a great many change and mrjidifications; similar parts may b substituted for those shown and described without in the least departingfrmn the obvious intent. or spirit of the invention.

deferring to thefdrawing's in which like letters and numerals have like reference to like parts throughout the various views: Figure 1, is a top plan view illustrating one of my large. to eight foot plowing mat'llllQS shown in one of its working: positions. when adjusted at an angle. of about thirty (30) degrees to the draft-line and having a portion of the tongue and trusses luroken away. Figs. 2 and 3, illustrate tails in connection with the trailing rotary-disk plow. Fig. 4, illustrates the plowin; machine. in rear elevation having its rud ier-carrying wheels vertically inclined for plowing tillable, rolling land. Fig. 5, is an enlarged transverse section of the endless chain and its carrier-frame taken in the hue -a: 9. showing the attachment of the bail to said frame, and the traveling deflectors. Fig. 6, is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken in the line 00 00' Fi 10. showing attachments "of the end brackets of the carrier-frame. Figs. 7 and 8, are convex and concave views, respectively, of the traveling; deflectors. Fig. 9, is a top plan view partly in section of the endless chain carrienframe. and its adjustable endbrackets. Fig. 10. is an edge or side View of the endless-chain carrier-frame and a sectional view of its end brackets taken in the line 7 Fig. 9. Fig. 11, is a longitudinal sectional. elevation of the plow-frame taken in the vertical plane of the axis of thoshares or cutters, 'Fig'. 16, showing the left hand rudder-earrying wheel in section in the same plane. and both of said Wheels shown as axially pivotedto their respective rudder-lever brackets. Fig. 12, illustrates a revolving plow shaft and its axially inclined helical groove. Fig 13. is a longitudinal section of Fig. 14. illustrates the weed-roller having its ends shown partly in axial vertical .Sec-

lion. disclosing its axial end pivots and 'cavily for lubricants. Fig. 15, illustrates a continuous axially inclined helicoidal cutter. for rotatively jonrnalingin an appropriate frame work. Fig. 16, is a horizontal section and a detailed top plan view, taken in the horizontal plane of the axis of said shares or cutters Fig. 11, 'illus tratin ai the pivotal attachment of the hangers for the Weed-roller, endless -chain carrier-frame showing the system of friction wheels and the traveling deflectors, and

. upper and lower series of-friction-wheels',

the rotary inclined diskplow, respectively, to the plow-frame, apart of the endless chain being disclosed by section; Fig. .17, illustrates a side or edge elevation of the endless chain carrier fra-me. Fig. 18,-illustrates an enlarged detail plan, partlyin section, of an end portion of'the carrierframe, its flanges, endless chain, friction wheels and'brackets. Fig. .19, illustrates a perspective "iew .of the endless chain, its

center of the tongue and pivotal bracket of V the plow-beam and frame, having the end brackets and rotary disk-plow removed therefrom as seen in Fig. 20, for disclosing all the parts distinctly. to view. Fig. i

v p 22, isa detail' showing the system of friction wheels and tra'veling deflectors, thrown out of engagement'with-the cutters, or shares, by theiraxial and vertical adjusting mechanism Fig. 23, illustrates the left end elevat-iom of the machine .having its ruddercarrying wheelremov ed, leaving its pivotal bolt seen in the rudder-lever bracket,- dis closing 'allthe parts'to'view at this-end of the machine. Figs. 24 and illustrate. respectlvely, an end and a side elevation of a screw-threaded. vertically disposed pivotal slida-ble brackets.

shaft'of the hand wheel adjusting mechanism for the rudder-carrying wheels Figs.

26 and '27, are a top plananda'side' eleva 7 .tion, respectively, of the screw-threaded rudder-lever bracket for the screwthreaded shaft. Figs.'28 and 29, are a top plan and side elevation, respectively, of'theslidablyadjustable rudder-lever bracket for the vertically-disposed pivotal-shafts. Fig. 30, illustrates a screw-tapped staple for said Figs. 31 and 32, respectively, illustrate an integral mold-board share having-its sectional-radial ends provided with a V shaped grooved end and a V shaped beveled end. Figs. 33 and 34, are a concave and a convex side "elevation, re-

spectii 'ely, of an integral, spirally-constrict} ed mold-board share, formed of an annular metal disk, and illustrate the spirally constricted overlap .of the opposite transverse 'radially-slitted ends of said 'share.

Fig. 35, illustrates one of my six to seven foot plowing machines, fully organized as seen in a, top plan view of the same Figs 36 and 37, are a plan andla left-end elevation, respectively, illustrating a four to five foot plowing machine as organized without rudder-carrying wheels and trailing; diskplow, but provided with ashifting means and means for substituting the weed-roller forthe rudder-carrying wheels in gaging the penetration of the shares and for transportation. Figs. 38and 39. illustrate one of my two to three foot machines, organized in one of its siinple forms of construction. Fig. 40 is a diagrammatic'view illustrating one p0 sition of an eight foot plow, plowing about seven feet, and its draft line, and'the furrows turned thereby. Fig. 41 is a front per-' spective of the plow, when plowing about 'seven inches deep.

I will first describe the large eight foot plowing-machine, Figs. 1 to 23, inclusive,

which is well adapted for six or eight draft In the drawings illustrating this machine, A indicates a plow-beam having animals.

longitudinal flanges. This beam may be made of wood or'metal, with or without fianges,.and at any desired length for. the

' plow.. I prefer flanges to the beam for the convenience they afford in forming a troughlike receptacle for ballast, and convenient points forjattachin operating devices for properly handlingt emachine. I also prefer to construct the plow-beam as stated and v organize all its adjuncts in harmony with the pecrliar soil or ground-working elements of the plowing-machine so that the whole frame-work shall lie-superimposed on the axle supporting said mold board shares and the axes of' the fudder-carryin wheels, said wheels jointly coiiperatingwit said shares orthe cutters'in the transportation of the machine while they are working in the ground. -Having this end in view, the plowbealnA is provided with upper, brackets '1, 1', and lower brackets 2,2, mounted on each end of said beam and secured thereto by the retaining bolts 3, 3', through thebeam and flanges of said 'u per and lower brackets, respectively. 'Ti fe' vertically disposed pivotal-shafts 4, 4 are mounted parallel in the vertical plane of the plow-shaft F,-and are provided with right and left screwthreaded upper and lower ends 5, 5', and

.6, 6', respectively, and screwed into the lugs 7, 7', on the outward faces of said brackets coijperating with the bolts in binding said brackets firmly-on the ends ofsaid beam. The axle 8 is.mounted in said lower brackets substantially parallel with said beam by a reduced threaded portion 9, 9-, extendin through said brackets, and collars 9F 9, sai

collars resting'against the outward faces of said brackets 2, 2?, all of the parts being held together firmly by threaded nuts 10,10 on the outward ends of said axle, thus completing the frame-work. The object of this con- ;struction is .to' permit an easyassembling of the parts and also afree'pivotal' movement offtheintervenin'g hangersand push bars coi'icentrica-llypivoted'thereon. The purpose.

of which, the devices, and their adjustmg mechanism, will be explained in their proper order.

The beam A, and its lowerbrackets :2, 2, are important elements in the framework of the plowing-machine, together with the axle formed groove 11, cut on or otherwiseformed around the shaft see Figs. 11,12, '13 and 41, upon which is screwed a continuous axially-inclined helicoidal vcutter C as shown in Fig. 15. Or, as hereinbefore stated,

' the axiallyinclined integral spiral-cutting mold board shafts may have their transverse sections provided with a V shaped grooved end and a V shaped beveled end,

V. V, Figs. 81 and 32 respectively, adapted 'to fit into each other in series. Or, in some machines, they may be safely left as radiallyslittedsFigs. 33 and 34 and their slitted ends abutting each other as the pressure of. the share against the soil is greater on the convex than on the concave side of the series of shares, which is the land side of the plow and "receives the lateral thrust .due to the cutting screw action of the shares. This fact tends'to bind said ends together when normally working in the soil, as before described, said shares or the cutters having their peripheral -sections C beveled to a sharp edge, upon which the whole weight of the plowing-machine, with all its adjuncts, may be transferred andearried. It is also one of the features of this construction relied on tohold the shares down to their work. There is thus formed, by said beveled periph' eral section, a tread-like, rolling, sliding surface, as it were, which tends to promote the wearing-life of the shares. Said figures are also designed to illustrate the spirally constricted overlap C of'an axially in-.

clined integral spiral cutting mold-board share, formed of an annular radially slitt'ed metal disk, for screwing on, or otherwise, attaching to an appropriate revolving shaft, for forming a continuous spiral line series, and each having its entire body portion formed on spirally constricted lines substantially conforming to the natural stress of the metal as described, slightly concave-convex in form on their radial lines. The above language is intendedto describe what actually takes place in the dies made for properly forming said shares. There is a natural strain and stress in the metal intervening radially between" the inner helix formed of the hole-in the disk and the helix formed of or described by" the beveled cutting edge or periphery of the'disk. I will state further,

however, in 'his connection, that the term conforming to the natural stress, and the .zontal machine.

term spirally constricted, as herein used, have reference to thls fact, and means that the metal disk naturally assumes the concave-convex form radially without any assistance from the dies and also that it '70 naturally assumes the spirally constricted .form without their assistance; further, than is preferred for general purpose work. For

general use and long service, I deem this beveled form of share or cutter preferable at this point, tothin, tapering shares, which, 5 owing to the friction, would wear away faster. .I prefer cutting'away or rounding each end of said continuous spiral-cutter on a circle eccentrically struck from the periphery of said end cutter down to the shaft and the cut away section beveled on the convex side to a sharp edge C C thus enabling the shares or cutters to gradually pene. trate the ground. The front section bf the frame-work is firmly bound together by the draft-bail G horizontally disposed substantially parallelwith the axis of said plow shaft and slightly inclined above the horilane of-said axis in a plane substantially parallel with the draft-line of the 10 The ends of the bail should be curved or bent to giveroom bothfor the revolving helicoidal cutter C and for the weedroller hereinafter described. Said draftbail is secured to the flanges on the lower 10 brackets 2, 2 by retaining bolts 12, 12 and to the plow beam A by means of a pair of separately disposed guide-braces 13, 13. The braces have guide segments struck from the axis of the shares and secured to the 11 plow-beam A and to the draft-bail G by retaining bolts :1, b, respectively. In some machines the draft-bail will be secured tothe outward ends of the axle 8 by screw threaded nuts 10 10". See Figs. 38 and 39. 11 let designates a segment in said bail G, struck from the pivotal-center bolt 15 in pivotal bracket 16 which is bolted to the flanges 17, 17, respectivelyg on said plow-beam and has a vertical tubular-pivot 18 through which 12 the screw-tapped center'bolt 15 is inserted for binding the toothed segmental plate 19 thereon, to which hand-lever 19 is pivoted for adjusting the weed roller to be hereinafter-described. i v

The dra ft-bar 20'is horizontally pivoted on the verticaltubular pivot 18, upon which the plow frame or beam with all its adjuncts is susceptible of horizontal adjustment; the

driver seat 21 isadjustably supported by 13 means of a strongleaf-spring 21 made adjustable on the rear end portion of said draftbar, by means of a series of holes 22, and bolt 22. The adjustment of said seat is effected V for properly balancing the plowing-machine, thereby preventing undue weight on the necks of the team. a

I will now describe the devices or the mechanism I have adopted in this instance to effect the changes indicated above. Other devices than these here shown and described can be. used without departing from my obvious intent in makingthis invention. I preferably provide a foot tiller-lever, 23, pivoted concentrically with the draft-baron said tubular-pivot, 18, which lever affords a convenient foot-rest for the driver or operator of. the machine; and I pivotally mount on said foot-tiller lever, 23. a springretained foot-latch or pawl, 24,'which penetrates said lever at 26 for engaging a series of holes 27 in the draft-bar 20, looking said lever 23 with the draft-bar. The springretained-foot-latch 24 has, in this instance, a helical-spring 28 coiled around the screwthreaded nut of the pivotal-center bolt for holding said latch in engagement with holes, 27, thereby enabling the driver of the machine, by pressure of either one of his .feet, to release the latch from its engagement with said holes in the draft-bar. Thus both his hands will be free to manage the reins of his team, whilethe foot may shift and lock said lever in anyone of the holes desired. The piirpose of this will appear farther on;

The draft-bar, in some machines, will have a downwardly bent angular portion and in others, a curved portion 20 secured to the tongue 29 by bolts 30, 30 and 30*, respectively; best seen in Figs. 20 and 21, and Figs. to 38. In machines of from four or five feet up, in length. I prefer strengthening the tongue 29 bv a pair of truss-rods 32, 32. This is to obviate lateral strain and consequent breakage when turning the machine at corners of areas of land, as at such times the shares, or the helicoidal cutter may be permitted to continile working in the ground while making such turns. 'In the large sized machines the lateral strain is greater, of course, than in'smaller ones. I deem it proper to state that, in thus turning the machine, the shares or the cutters have a greater pulverizing screw-action on the soil by reason of the sweeping, grinding action thereon. .Tlie leverage or fulcrum point in making said turns will be on the peripheral margins of the front convex por- 6O is imposed on the operatoror the team in making such turns.- I will further state, in

tions of the series of cutters. No extra; labor .to the left, I prefer turningthe machine to the right hand; and, to the left hand, when said cutters are axially-inclined to the right,

. thus effecting a more complete pulverization of the soil. The truss-rods 32, 32 are se- 79 cured to said 'tonguebv bolts 32 as shown, and are supported by the king-posts 33, 33, resting against the draft-bar 20, tongue 29, and guide bracket 29, respectively. F romthekingpost to the rear of the tongue said rods converge and are secured in the guidebracket by the screwthreaded nuts 34;, 34',

.best seen in Fig. 16, said tongue abutting against the bracket at this point for that purpose." These rods take the place of braces, and are deemed preferable for this construction, as the normal positions of the plow beam and all its adjuncts are changeable to variable-oblique positions to the tongue or the draft-line. Said rods are also 'of great importance in large machines, for

the reason that when cutters are working in dry, hard-gro und, under such conditions, if four or six draft animals are hitched abreast to the, machine, I prefer a neckyokejhaving breast straps for each of said animals, which'will enable them. to participate in swinging the machine around. Or by hitching one or more of such animals to the end of the tongue, we may dispense with said, neck-yoke for a less number of animals abreast. This will, in either case, give suflicient leverage for swinging said large machines at the corners of areas of land being plowed. Hence the necessity for 1 the truss-rods.

I prefer the following described shifting or rotating hand-wheel mechanism for the proper manipulation of the large machine,

best seen in Fig. 20 and Fig. 21. This contively.

sists, as shown,jof a hand-wheel 35 and its shaft 36, which is journaled in the draft-bar 20, tongue 29 and guide-bracket 29, respec- The shaft 36 has a friction wheel 37 and a toothed or spunwheel '38, keyed in juxtaposition on said shaft interposed between the tongue 29 and guide-bracket 29. This friction wheel 37, and the toothed wheel 38, are respectively adapted to engage the inner concave segmental-face 39 of the draft-bail G and the toothed segment 40, which is secured to the draft-bar segment 14c by retaining-bolts 41, 41 in the ends thereof. The locking device for the hand-wheel 35 consists of a toothed-pawl Wheel 42, secured 0n the hand-wheel shaft 36'at or near the point where said shaft enters or is journaled in the draft-bar, 20, and adjacent to said toothed pawl-wheel 42. A bracket 43 is also secured to said bar 20 in machines 1 having the angular and the curved portions,

respectively, 20 and'2O of said bar, by bolt 44. 'Pivoted on said bracket is a spring-re: tained= foot-latch or pawl 45, which is within convenient reach of the feet ofthe driver or the operator who will occupy seat 21. By the pressure of this spring, he can release tlie latch as from its engagement with thepawlwheel 42, while with his hands he can rotate the hand'wheel 05 whereby he can shift or swing the entire plow-frame with all its adjuncts from their normal position to the draft-line to oblique positions to said line. By. this means he may change the normal axial-line of said sharesv o1 cutters to various oblique positions to said line, amhconsequently, the angle at which the cutters en-. ter -tlre ground to all kinds of work. I wilt hereinafter have occasion to refer to the operation of the hand-wheel mechanism and its connection with other devices or members of the invention in their regular order.

I will now revert to the description of the foot-tiller lever 23 and its operation and connection with the hand-wheel mechanism just described. Said foot-tiller lever has an eye 46 in which are pivotallysecured tillerrods 47, sl-T,

eye l6 in oppositedirections therefrom a little above and in frontof, and substantially parallel with the plow-beam .A, and are pivotally secured in eyes 48, $8 ofthe rudder-lever brackets at), 49C flhe brackets are horizontally pivotally adjustable on the vertically disposed pivotal-shaft 4:,fl, which have been hereinafter fullydescribed in con nectionwith the plow frame. .These rudder lever brackets. 49, 49 are provided with vertical flanges 50, 50. See Figs. 11, 2G and 28.. To the lower extremity of these flanges are pivoted or hinged (by means-of bolts 51,

51) stub-axlcs5'2,52', upon which axles the' rudder-carrying wheels B, B are axially mounted. Said stub-axles'and wheels are detachable from the rudder-lever brackets by removing said bolts 51. 51 on occasions when the services of saidgwheels are not needed. The stub-axles and'whe'el-hubs are provided with sand-caps or housing of ordinary construction to exclude dust and dirt therefrom. The stub-axles are provided with cellars 53, 53' that abut said flanges when the axles are adjusted in their normal or horizontal position substantially parallel.

with the vertical plane of the axis of the plow-shaft, which is the normal working position of said wheels. But, as hereinbefore stated, the machine is more or less affected by gravitation, as the declivity of the land may vary. Accordingly, I provide, as one of the means for this purpose, short adjustable braces 54, 54 pivoted upon the axlecollars to lugs-55, 55'. Said braces are made adjustable at their free ends in a series of vertically arranged holes 56, 56 in the flanges 50, 50' for varying either one or both of the rudder-carrying wheels to any suit able degree from their normal vertical planes to opposing vertically-inclined planes of rotation. As, for example, when said braces These rods extend from said scribed hereinafter.

are secured by their adjusting-bolts 57, 57' in the uppermost holes ofsaid s ries, the Mulder-carrying whee-ls will be rigidly held or locked in their normal vertical planes of rotation, thereby adapting the plowing-mm. chine for general purpose work over land of average undulation, and when said braces and adjusting-boltsare secured in the lowermost holes of said series, it will then be in its best condition for resisting gravitation by means of thisdevice.

It will be understood that the term restricting the plow to the draft-line is used here in a general sense, as implying normal or average conditions of ground or soils.

For example, if the shares be lifted out of the ground, or nearly so, by an obstruction.

it will then tend to veerin the opposite direction from the axial inclination" of the mold-board shares or the helicoidal cutter, and also, when the plow is working at abnormal depths, in very loose ground, the decreased resistance occ.sioned thereby, ontho concave or soil-turning side of the shares, will causethe plow to veer in the direction of the axial inclination of said-shares or the cutters. On all such occasions it will be understood the rudder-carrying wheels are available to counteract such conditions and tendencies. For vertically adjusting the height at which the plow-beam or frame with all its adjuncts may be carried, and for regulating the depth of penetration of said spiral shares in the ground, I illustrate and describe two methods or devices preferably adapted in the present instance to the manipulation of the smaller and the larger classes or sizes of plowing-machines respectively.

' I shall'first describe a pair of separately mounted hand-levers 58, 58'. adapted, for

example, to machines from five feet up to eight feet in length or thereabout. The

large machines require stronger devices, de-

Said hand-levers 58,

58 are within convenient reach of the drivers'seat 21, and are pivotally fulcrumed to the rock-shafts 59, 59 mounted in the segmentally-toothed brackets 60, 60, which are secured 'to the flanges of the plow-beam or frame A by bolts 61,..61. Each. ofsaid levers has a thumb-latch-and-pawl-locking connection with said toothed segments in a manner well known and in common use. Said rock-shafts are pivotally mounted in each of said toothed segmental brackets and alsoin" the end brackets l. 1 of the plow-frame A,

substantially parallel witlr the axis of said plow-shaft. On the outward end-portion of each of said rock-shafts are secured a pair of] toggle-levers (32, 62. which are pivotally connected to the rudder-lever brackets 49,

49 by means of screw threaded-and-tappe'tl staples 63, 63, which are secured in lugs 64:, 64 on-said brackets, said staples peneupper and lower dependent brackets, re

trating the eyes 65, In said togglelevers, said eyes permit a free, limited rotary movement of said staples therein, without binding or cramping their action.

As stated hereinbefore, large machines would require more powerful means for their vertical adjustment. I will now describe the modification referred to :1 Figs. 24- and 25 illustrate-a portion of'theframe in detail of the left end of said machine having the modifications attached thereto.- The other end, not shown, is a duplicate of the same. In this machine 5S designates the handwheel for said left hand end, mounted on 'shaft 58 here shown as being handrotated in a vertical plane. Yet said wheel may be horizontally mounted and rotatable from the drivers seat 21 in a horizontal'plane by using a pair of mitered or beveled gearings similar to those on the other end of hand-wheel shaft 58,now about to be described. Said hand-wheel shaft here shown is pivoted or journaled in bracket 59*, which is secured to said flanges 17,17 of the plow- 25 beam Aby bolts 60, 60. This shaft lies horizontally in a vertical plane substantially parallel with the axis of the shares or the helicoidal cutter. .The upper end bracket 61 and the lower dependent bracket 62 are secured to the plow-beam A by means of retaining bolts 63 thr'ough the beam and flanges of the upper and lower dependent brackets, respectively. '1 he vertically disposed, screw-threaded, plvotal-shaft 64 is j ournaled in appropriate outward projections 65 5 on the outward end faces of said spectively, said shaft being substantially in the same vertical plane-as the axis of said shares or the cutters. A pair of mitered gearing-wheels 66 and 66 are secured in the upper end of said screw-threaded shaft 64, and on the'outwardend of said handwheel shaft 58 respectively, for rotating said shaft 64 in the screw-threaded, pivotal, rudder-lever bracket 67 To the lower extremity of this bracket, the rudder-carrier-- wheel B is pivoted or hinged on bolt 51 of the stub-axle collar 53, as before described. It will be readily understood that by rotating the hand-wheel, 58, the screw-threaded,

pivotal-shaft, (34 will be madegto rotate in the screw-threaded rudder-lever bracket 67 thereby raising or lowering the horizontal plane of the tr'cad of said rudder-carrying wheels. Thus we may control the height at which the plow-frame and itsadj unct's may be carried to any suitable degree. ,The remaining parts of this modification are the same as that I have already described in connection with the hand-levers and togglemechanism for adjusting'said wheels. From the foregoing description, it will be readily understood'thatwhen the driver or operator of the machine occupies seat 21,

spring-retained foot-latch or pawl, 45, from its enga ement with the pawl-wheel, 42, on the han -wheel shaft, 36, of said mechanism hereinbeforev described. By these means said operator can, with both his, hands,

grasp and rotate said hand-wheel, thereby adjusting the plow-beam. or frame and the axial-line of said spiral cutters from their normal position to the draft-line to various oblique positions to said line. ously therewith, by means of said draft-- Simultanehe can, with either of his feet, release the I bar and tiller-rods, 47, 47, and their automatic connecting mechanism with said rud 'der-carrying wheels, he may shift or swing horizontally both of said wheels to various parallel lines of travel corresponding to the other, oblique" to the right or the left of said draft-line. Furthermore, by the handlevers 58, 58', and their connecting means with the rudder-carrying wheels, said operator can grasp with his hands either one or both of said levers, and by their connecting means, slidably adjust vertically, on said pivotal-shafts to horizontal planes of tread or travel, either one of said wheels independently of the other, or the tread of both of said wheel simultaneously with each other and with the aforesaid horizontal pivotaladjustment by said foot-tiller-lever of both of said wheels, respectively. When adjusting the machine for transportation, both of the bell-crank hand-levers, 58, 58, will be. brought down to, substantially, a horizontal posit on, throwing the pivots of their'respective toggle-levers, '62, 62, practically in a vertical line, each in the same vertical plane. v

i I desire to call special attention'to the peculiar and novel endless-chain system of traveling, horizontally disposed.mold-board deflectors for-keeping the. concave, helical faces of the shares orcutters clean and free from adhering soil and for other purposes soon to be described. I invite notice also to the friction-wheels provided and arranged for holding the sharp edges of said deflectors flush against the concave faces of the mold board shares, and for moving or operating said system by the screw-action of said shares. The mechanical necessity for forming the helicoidal cutters insuch close prox- 

